SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with rheumatic disease: Experience of a tertiary referral center
Betül Sözeri1
, Ferhat Demir1, Sevinç Kalın2, Canan Hasbal Akkuş3, Enes Salı4, Deniz Çakır4
1Department of Child Health and Diseases, Pediatric Rheumatology, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
2Department of Radiology, Pediatric Radiology, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
3Department of Child Health and Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
4Department of Child Health and Diseases, Pediatric Infectious Disease, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Keywords: Biological treatment, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, pediatric rheumatology
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we present our clinical severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) experience in patients with childhood rheumatic disease during novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Patients and methods: A total of 87 patients (50 males, 37 females; median age: 12 years; range, 6.6 to 16 years) suspected of having COVID-19 at our pediatric rheumatology clinic between March 11th and October 15th 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical features, treatments, laboratory results, imaging findings, and clinical outcomes of the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and/or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) were retrieved from the medical records. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was made based on the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test.
Results: The most common rheumatic diseases were juvenile idiopathic arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever (35.6% and 34.5%, respectively). Twenty-six of these patients were treated with biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. SARS-CoV-2 infection was tested as positive in 84 (96.5%) patients. Also, 51 (58.6%) patients had an epidemiological contact to a person with COVID-19. Eighteen patients met the clinical criteria and diagnosed with MIS-C. The COVID-19 outbreak also caused exacerbation of systemic disease in 56 children due to medication cessation, postponed drug switch, or recurrent viral infection.
Conclusion: Children with rheumatic disease do not appear to present a higher risk of severe COVID-19. The immunosuppressive treatments can be adjusted in case of infection; otherwise, it is not recommended to interrupt the treatments. Physicians should be cautious about the hyperinflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in rheumatic children, which may be severe in this group of patients and may be confused with primary diseases.
The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
The authors received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article.
We are grateful to all participating children and their families. We would like to also thank our clinical nurse Gülbeyaz Göktuğ, who contributed to the telemedicine interviews.