Identification of sequence polymorphisms in the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid displacement-loop region as risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus

Ruixue Lai1, Xiaoyun Zhang1, Kuangyuan Qiao2, Xueqing Gao3, Shang Li3, Ruixing Zhang3, Yixin Qi4, Chenxing Peng5

1Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
2Basic Medical School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
3Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
4Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
5Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

Keywords: Displacement-loop, mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, risk factors, sequence polymorphisms, systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between sequence polymorphisms (SNPs) in the displacement-loop (D-loop) region of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Chinese female patients.

Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2017 and October 2017. The mtDNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 97 female SLE patients (mean age 40.8 years; range, 20 to 79 years) and 108 age-matched healthy controls (mean age 48.7 years; range, 22 to 78 years). The SNPs of mtDNA D-loop were verified by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequence analysis. The allele frequencies of D-loop region were compared by the Chi-square test between SLE and control groups.

Results: The SNP accumulation in SLE patients was significantly higher than that in the controls (p=0.027, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.075, 1.210). The frequencies of the major alleles of the nucleotides 73G/A (p<0.001, odds ratio [OR]=1.241) and 195T/C (p=0.047, OR=4.318) as well as the minor allele of nucleotide 199T/C (p=0.048, OR=0.279) were significantly higher in the SLE patients than in the controls, which indicated that 73G, 195T and 199C allele in the D-loop of mtDNA were associated with the risk of SLE. Further analysis indicated that the reactive oxygen species level in the SLE patients was significantly higher than that of controls (mean fluorescence intensity ± standard deviation: 3054.333±256.099 vs. 2099.167±599.662, p=0.009, 95% CI: 321.243, 1589.091).

Conclusion: This study indicated the SNPs in the mtDNA may associated with the risk of SLE. Analysis of SNPs in the mitochondrial D-loop may help identify individuals who are at high risk of developing SLE.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Financial Disclosure

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China. (Grant No. H2019206428).