Blau Syndrome and Early-Onset Sarcoidosis: A Six Case Series and Review of the Literature
Ayşenur PAÇ KISAARSLAN1, Betül SÖZERİ2, Nihal ŞAHİN1, Sümeyra ÖZDEMİR ÇİÇEK1, Zübeyde GÜNDÜZ1, Erkan DEMİRKAYA3, Afig BERDELİ4, Serdal SADET ÖZCAN5, Hakan PORAZOĞLU1, Ruhan DÜŞÜNSEL1
1Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
2Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
3Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Western University, London, Canada
4Department of Molecular Genetic, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
5Department of Pathology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
Keywords: Blau syndrome, clinical findings, genetic, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to discuss the clinical, laboratory and genetic findings, and treatment options for six patients who were diagnosed with Blau syndrome (BS)/early-onset sarcoidosis (EOS).
Patients and methods: The study included four patients (2 males,2 females; mean age 7 years; range 4 to 10 years) with EOS and two siblings (1 male, 1 female; mean age 10 years; range, 9 to 11 years) with BS. Age, age of initial symptoms, age of diagnosis; articular involvement, presence of uveitis, dermatitis, or fever, other organ involvement, laboratory findings, results of metabolic tests for mucopolysaccharidosis and mucolipidosis, results of genetic, pathologic, and immunologic tests, radiologic findings to evaluate skeletal dysplasia, and treatment options were collected.
Results: The median age at diagnosis of all patients was 6 years (range, 1 to 10 years). Five patients had camptodactyly and bilateral boggy synovitis in the wrists and ankles, one had granulomatous inflammatory changes in the liver and kidney biopsy, and one had attacks of fever and granulomatous dermatitis. None had uveitis. The detected mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) were P268S (rs2066842), M513T (rs104895473), R702W (rs2066844), V955I (rs5743291), H343Y (rs199858111), and M491L (16:50745293). The treatments of patients included corticosteroids, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, methotrexate, infliximab, adalimumab, anakinra, and canacinumab.
Conclusion: Camptodactyly and boggy synovitis are important signs of BS/EOS. Methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor blockers are more effective in patients with predominantly articular symptoms. In patients 5 and 6 and their mother, we determined a novel M491L mutation in the NOD2 gene. Currently, this work is in progress towards identifying the pathogenesis and treatment options for this disease.
Citation: Paç Kısaarslan A, Sözeri B, Şahin N, Özdemir Çiçek S, Gündüz Z, Demirkaya E, et al. Blau Syndrome and Early-Onset Sarcoidosis: A Six Case Series and Review of the Literature. Arch Rheumatol 2020;35(1):117-127.
The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
The authors received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article.